Physics

Table of Content:

Chapter 1: Electricity: Basics; Conductors; Insulator; Semi-conductors; Electric potential (V); Potential difference (ΔV); Electric current (I); Quantization of charge (Q); Electric resistance (R) and Resistivity (ρ); Conductance (G) and Conductivity (σ); Temperature effect on resistance; Superconductor; Fuse wire; Combination of resistance; Ohm’s law; Electric appliances; Important instruments: Galvanometer, Ammeter, Voltmeter, Rectifier, Inverter, Shunt; Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter; Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter; Electric power (P); One-kilo Watthours; Joule’s law of heating effect; Transformer; Kirchhoff’s law.

Chapter 2: Motion: Basic position-time graph; Motion and rest; Distance and displacement; Scalar and vector quantities; Average speed; Distance time graph; Velocity; Displacement-time graph; Speed-time graph; Acceleration; Acceleration due to gravity; Equation of motion; Aristotle’s statement; Galileo’s statement; Newton’s laws of motion; Uniform circular motion; Gravitation; Lift; Projectile motion; Friction: Friction on plane and inclined surface, Angle of repose, Type of friction; Torque; Angular momentum.

Chapter 3: Work, Power, and Energy: Work; Mechanical Power; Energy: Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Gravitational potential energy; Potential energy of spring, Mechanical Energy; Simple pendulum.

Chapter 4: Heat: Temperature scales; Arbitrary temperature scale; Zero Kelvin; Heat: Sensible heat, Latent heat; Calculation of final temperature; Graph of state: Melting, Freezing, Vaporization, Condensation, Sublimation, Deposition/ De-sublimation/ Reverse sublimation/ Hoar frost; Difference between Vaporization and Evaporation; Concept of pressure; Anomalous behavior of water; Method of heat transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation; Newton’s law of cooling; Ideal gas equation; Isothermal process (Boyle’s law); Isobaric process (Charles’s law); Isochoric process (Gay Lussac’s law); Adiabatic process; Thermal expansion: Linear expansion, Areal expansion, Volumetric expansion; Relation between coefficient of linear/areal/volumetric expansion.

Chapter 5: Light: Luminous and non-luminous object; Reflection of light: Laws of reflection, Normal incidence, Grazing incidence, Angle of deviation, Regular and irregular reflection; Plane mirror: Power and Magnification, Nature of Image, Number of images, Use of plane mirror; Refraction of light: Law of refraction; Absolute refractive index; Apparent depth; Total internal reflection (TIR); Rainbow; Scattering of light: Rayleigh’s scattering law, Mie scattering law; Interference & Diffraction.

Chapter 6: Lens and Mirror: Mirror: Plane mirror, Spherical mirror, Concave mirror: Magnification of concave mirror, Use of concave mirror; Convex mirror: Magnification of convex mirror, Use of convex mirror; Mirror formula; Spherical lens: Concave lens, Convex lens; Lens formula; Magnification formula (m) for lens; Power of lens; Eye defects: Myopia, Hypermetropia, Presbyopia, Astigmatism.

Chapter 7: Satellite: Orbital speed; Escape velocity; Geostationary satellite vs Polar satellite; Reason of atmosphere on earth; Kepler’s law of planetary motion: 1st law (Law of orbit), 2nd law (Law of areal speed), 3rd law (Law of periods).

Chapter 8: Matter: Five states of matter; Pressure: Pressure applied by fluid; Archimedes’ principle; Pascal’s law; Bernoulli’s theorem: Bernoulli’s equation; Surface tension; Cohesive and Adhesive forces; Viscosity.

Chapter 9: Magnetism: Natural magnet; Magnetic field; Force on current carrying conductor; Force on a charged particle; Fleming left-hand rule; Fleming right-hand rule; Substance: Paramagnetic, Diamagnetic, Ferromagnetic.

Chapter 10: Wave: Classification: Electromagnetic waves, Mechanical waves; Mechanical waves: Longitudinal waves, Transverse waves; Electromagnetic waves: Transverse waves; Sound: Density effect on speed of sound, Stiffness effect on speed of sound; Frequency; Time-period; Wavelength; Amplitude; Velocity of a wave; Audible frequency range; Loudness of sound; Supersonic objects; Echo; Reverberation; Electromagnetic waves (Radiation): Radio wave, Microwave, Infrared wave, Visible light, Ultraviolet ray, X-ray, γ-ray; Dispersion of light; Use of electromagnetic waves.

Chapter 11: Unit & Dimension

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Conclusion:

Handwritten physics notes are an important resource for candidates preparing for SSC and Railway exams. These notes cover major physics topics in detail, providing candidates with a clear and accurate understanding. They are designed based on the exam pattern, marking scheme, and question collection, making preparation more effective.

In conclusion, if you are preparing for SSC and Railway exams, these handwritten physics notes will be highly beneficial for you. Read them carefully, practice regularly, and use them in your exam preparation to move closer to your goal. Best of luck and wishing you great success!